It has long been believed that an early oxygenation even gave rise to the eukaryotes.  Perhaps oxygen had nothing to do with it. A castle deep beneath the ocean waves might hold the answer.

Evolution Talk is also a book! You can find links to Amazon, Barnes & Noble and others on the front page of EvolutionTalk.com, or call your local bookstore and ask them to order a copy.

Works Cited

  • 13684. “Researchers Rethink the Ancestry of Complex Cells.” Quanta Magazine, 9 Apr. 2019, www.quantamagazine.org/rethinking-the-ancestry-of-the-eukaryotes-20190409.

  • Gitig, Diana. “Zeroing in on the Last Common Ancestor of All Complex Cells.” Ars Technica, 10 Apr. 2016, arstechnica.com/science/2016/04/zeroing-in-on-the-last-common-ancestor-of-all-complex-cells.

  • “Lynn Margulis on Her Life, Symbiogenesis, Gaia Theory, Scienctific Practice and Effects of Money.” YouTube, uploaded by theinfiniteyes, 18 Dec. 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlhW12dGfFk.

  • “Origin of Complex Cells Started without Oxygen.” ScienceDaily, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220427100608.htm. Accessed 2 May 2022.

  • Teresi, Dick. “Discover Interview: Lynn Margulis Says She’s Not Controversial, She’s Right.” Discover Magazine, 15 Oct. 2019, www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/discover-interview-lynn-margulis-says-shes-not-controversial-shes-right.

  • Travis, J. (1998), The hydrogen hypothesis: How did complex cells get their power stations?. Sci News, 153: 253-255. https://doi.org/10.2307/4010561

  • Zachar, István, and Eörs Szathmáry. “Breath-giving cooperation: critical review of origin of mitochondria hypotheses : Major unanswered questions point to the importance of early ecology.” Biology direct vol. 12,1 19. 14 Aug. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13062-017-0190-5

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