Thomas Plummer, an archaeologist, had received information about the discovery of stone tools on the Homa Peninsula hillsides in Kenya. In an attempt to gain more knowledge, he initiated an excavation. However, instead of discovering more stone tools, he and his team came across numerous fossils of various animals such as crocodiles, antelopes, horses, and hippos. The fossils were accompanied by stone tools. But who made them?
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Works Cited
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BBC News. “Ancient Stone Tools Found in Kenya Made by Early Humans.” BBC News, 10 Feb. 2023, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64595418.
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Bower, Bruce. “The Ancient Hominid Species That Includes ‘Nutcracker Man’ May Have Made Tools.” Science News, 3 Mar. 2020, www.sciencenews.org/article/ancient-hominid-species-nutcracker-man-stone-tools.
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Cerling, Thure E., et al. “Diet of Paranthropus Boisei in the Early Pleistocene of East Africa.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 23, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 2011, pp. 9337–41. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104627108.
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The Genus Paranthropus. www.columbia.edu/itc/anthropology/v1007/2002projects/web/paranth/paranth.html.
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“The Maker’s Mark.” Nature, 6 May 1999, www.nature.com/articles/news990506-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2fb7d621-5b2b-4fa1-ae32-43797d9284d8.
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Manipadma Venupani. “Eat Pray Love: The Rule of QUEST Physics.” YouTube, 25 Mar. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAK26snkTyg.
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Metcalfe, Tom. “3-million-year-old Stone Tools Found, and Our Ancestors Likely Didn’t Make Them.” Magazine, 9 Feb. 2023, www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/ancient-stone-tools-discovered-human-ancestors?loggedin=true.
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Paranthropus Boisei Essay | Becoming Human. www.becominghuman.org/node/paranthropus-boisei-essay.
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“Science.” AAAS, www.science.org/content/article/one-ancient-human-relative-use-early-stone-tools.
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The Australian Museum. “Paranthropus Genus.” The Australian Museum, australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/paranthropus-species.
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Wayman, Erin. “What Was the Black Skull?” Smithsonian Magazine, 12 Sept. 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-was-the-black-skull-32900408.
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Weule, Genelle. “2.9-million-year-old Butchery Site in Kenya Suggests Humans Perhaps Weren’t First to Use Crafted Stone Tools.” ABC News, 9 Feb. 2023, www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-02-10/fossils-animal-bones-stone-tools-early-hominin-east-africa/101937222.
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Wikipedia contributors. “Paranthropus Boisei.” Wikipedia, 3 Jan. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei.
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Zimmer, Carl. “Why the Cousins Are Gone.” Science, 3 May 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-the-cousins-are-gone?loggedin=true.
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7452
Music in this Episode
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Criminals (DECISION) by Sascha Ende , Free download: https://filmmusic.io/song/248-criminals-decision, License (CC BY 4.0): https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
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Lurking Sloth by Alexander Nakarada, Free download: https://filmmusic.io/song/4785-lurking-sloth, License (CC BY 4.0): https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
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Until Then My Friend by Euan Ford, Free download: https://filmmusic.io/song/8692-until-then-my-friend, License (CC BY 4.0): https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
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Blockbuster Atmosphere 5 (African Spirit) by Sascha Ende, Free download: https://filmmusic.io/song/133-blockbuster-atmosphere-5-african-spirit, License (CC BY 4.0): https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
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